b'Special Protection Areas: A designation under theThe Paris Agreement 2015: At COP 21 in Paris,European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wildon 12 December 2015, Parties to the UNFCCC reachedBirds. Under the Directive, Member States of the a landmark agreement to combat climate changeEuropean Union (EU) have a duty to safeguard theand to accelerate and intensify the actions andhabitats of migratory birds and certain particularlyinvestments needed for a sustainable low carbonthreatened birds. future. The Paris Agreement brought all nations intoa common cause to undertake ambitious efforts toSustainable Energy Communities (SECS): combat climate change and adapt to its effects,A community that works together to develop a with enhanced support to assist developing countries sustainable energy system. To do so, they aim to beto do so.energy efficient, use renewable energy and consider smart energy solutions. Tipping Points: A tipping point in the climate system is a threshold that, when exceeded, can lead to large Teagasc: A State agency providing research, advicechanges in the state of the system.and education in agriculture, horticulture, food and rural development in Ireland. Topographical: The arrangement or accuraterepresentation of the physical features of an area.The 2013 EU Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Change: Adopted by the European Commission Urban Heat: Occurs in metropolitan or urban areasin April 2013 it sets out a framework and mechanisms that are significantly warmer than surrounding rural for taking the EUs preparedness for current and futureareas due to human activities such as the modification climate impacts to a new level. of land surfaces.The National Policy Position on Climate Action and Low Carbon Development 2014: The National Policy Position provides a high-level policy direction for the adoption and implementation by Government of plans to enable the State to move to a low carbon economy by 2050. Statutory authority for the plans is set out in the Climate Action and Low Carbon Development Act 2015.98'